Gastric residual volume (mL) = 27.0 + 14.6 × right‐lateral CSA - 1.28 × age (Perlas and colleagues’ equation for RLP). Gastric residual volume in each patient position was calculated using the following equations: gastric residual volume (mL) = 215 + 57 log CSA (cm 2) - 0.78 age (year) - 0.16 height (cm) - 0.25 weight (kg) - 0.80 ASA (Bouvet and colleagues’ equation for semi-sitting position) The antral cross-sectional area (CSA) was measured using the equation: Based on antral shape and contents, a flat antrum with juxtaposed anterior and posterior walls was considered empty a distended antrum with hypoechoic contents and thin walls was considered fluid-containing and a distended antrum with contents showing mixed echogenicity was considered solid-containing. For this assessment, the left liver lobe and the descending abdominal aorta were used as anterior and posterior landmarks, respectively. A sweep of the probe from the left to right subcostal margins determined the antrum to be located within the epigastrium.
A trained physician used the Mindray curved transducer at a low frequency (2 - 5 MHz) for abdominal examination. The participants underwent an 8-h preoperative overnight fast after a light meal.įocused abdominal sonography was performed in the semi-sitting and right lateral position (RLP). The obese group included participants with BMI between 30 - 40 and ASA II, and those with BMI > 40 and ASA III without other comorbidities the second group consisted of normal-weight participants with ASA I. The participants were assigned to two groups of 50 patients each. All patients enrolled in the study were > 20 years old. We excluded patients meeting any of the following criteria: pregnancy, renal failure, liver cell failure, or a history of upper GIT morbidity or upper abdominal surgery, diabetes, opium addiction, and other conditions or usage of drugs affecting gastric motility. Despite the differences in CSA between obese and normal-weight participants in both positions (obese > normal-weight), both groups showed a low predicted gastric residual volume 30) and normal-weight patients with BMI between 18 and 24.9 scheduled to undergo elective surgery.
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